تأملی بر ضمانت اجراهای بینالمللی کیفری نسبت به اشخاص حقوقی با تکیه بر منشور ملل متحد
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چکیده
زمینه و هدف: این نوشتار با بررسی ضمانت اجراهای مندرج در فصل هفتم منشور ملل متحد، که در قالب انواع تحریمهای اقتصادی و مداخلات نظامی علیه اشخاص حقوقی، بهخصوص دولتها در نظر گرفته شده است، در پی تحلیل، یافتن چالشها و ارائۀ راهکارهای متناسب آن بوده است.
روش: این تحقیق با روش توصیفی - تحلیلی انجام شده است و با بهرهگیری از منابع کتابخانهیی و بررسی دادهها در پی پاسخ به این مسأله است که: کارکرد ضمانت اجراهای بینالمللی در حفظ صلح و امنیت بینالمللی و مبارزه با جنایات بینالمللی چهگونه ارزیابی میشود؟
یافتهها: یافتههای تحقیق نشاندهندۀ این است که کارکرد شورای امنیت در استفاده از ضمانت اجراهای بینالمللی برای تحقق اهداف منشور، با وجود اینکه بعضًا تأثیرگذار بوده است، اما به دلیل سیاستزدهگی شورای امنیت و استفادۀ سیاسی از حق وتو توسط اعضای آن در مجموع مثبت ارزیابی نمیشود.
نتیجهگیری: برای رهایی از این وضعیت و یافتن جایگاه واقعی و مؤثر شورای امنیت و کارکرد بهتر ضمانت اجراهای بینالمللی، بایسته آن است که موضعگیری اعضای شورای امنیت مبتنی بر منشور و در جهت تأمین منافع جمعی بینالمللی و به دور از هر گونه موضعگیریهای سیاسی صورت گیرد.
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