نقش قربانی در فرایند محاکمات دیوان کیفری بینالمللی
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58342/ghalib.V.14.I.4.1واژهگانِ کلیدی:
آیین دادرسی، اساسنامۀ رُم، دیوان کیفری بینالمللی، قربانیچکیده
زمینه و هدف: مطالعات قربانیشناسی برای نخستینبار جایگاه قربانیها را در دادرسیهای کیفری بینالمللی مطرح کرد. با تأسیس دیوان کیفری بینالمللی، حقوق و نقش قربانیها در رسیدهگی به جنایات بزرگ بینالمللی گسترش یافت. این پژوهش با هدف تبیین جایگاه حقوقی و هنجاری قربانی در فرایند دادرسی دیوان و تحلیل اهمیت اساسنامۀ رُم انجام شده است.
روش: پژوهش حاضر به روش توصیفی– تحلیلی و بر پایۀ دادههای کتابخانهیی و تحلیل اسنادی انجام گرفته است.
یافتهها: نتایج نشان میدهد قربانیان میتوانند در مراحل گوناگون فرایند کیفری، از آغاز تعقیب تا صدور حکم، نقشهای فعّالی چون پیشنهاد تعقیب، همکاری در گردآوری شواهد، حضور از طریق نمایندة قانونی و ارائۀ نظر در روند دادرسی ایفا کنند.
نتیجهگیری: اساسنامۀ رُم با رسمیتبخشی به نقشهای قربانیان، دگرگونی چشمگیری در عدالت کیفری بینالمللی ایجاد کرده و قربانی را بهعنوان یکی از ارکان فرایند دادرسی به رسمیت شناخته است.
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