3. Afghanistan's foreign policy from (2001 to 2020)

Abstract

The concept of foreign policy is defined at a glance in relation to components such as national goals and the means to achieve it. This concept has been one of the most complex and at the same time, the most urgent need for different countries of the international system. The expansion of globalization, the multilateralism of relations, the evolution of the concept of power as well as its arrangement in the international system and, most importantly, the development needs of a post-conflict country, have led to new formulations in foreign policy, especially Afghanistan. The importance of this issue is that Afghanistan should wisely establish its relations with other nations by understanding the contemporary international system and the necessities of interacting with it. The purpose of this study was to examine Afghanistan's foreign policy from 2001 to 2020.

Therefore, the fundamental question that arises in this regard is: What was the difference between Afghanistan's foreign policy during the Karzai and Ghani era from 2001 to 2020? To answer this question, the comparative-analytical method has been used using library data. The findings of this study show that during the Karzai era, Afghanistan's foreign policy with emphasis on political diplomacy had three aspects, which included attention to (1. the international community; 2. regional countries and 3. Islamic countries); But Afghanistan's rich foreign policy focused on the use of economic diplomacy and had five aspects. But Afghanistan's rich foreign policy focused on the use of economic diplomacy and had five aspects. Which included focusing on )1. Neighbors; 2. The Islamic world; 3. Europe, America, Japan and Australia; 4 Asian countries and5 International organizations).