Comparative Analysis of Civil Service Employees’ Rights and Duties in Afghanistan and Iran

Abstract

The civil service system, as a fundamental component of public administration, plays a vital role in governmental efficiency, and the proper regulation and implementation of employees’ rights and obligations foster transparency, accountability, and administrative effectiveness. The significance of this study stems from the fact that, despite relatively clear legal frameworks in Afghanistan and Iran, structural and operational differences pose challenges to the full implementation of these laws, and understanding these differences can contribute to improving civil service performance. The primary aim of this research is to conduct a comparative analysis of the rights and obligations of civil service employees in the legal systems of Afghanistan and Iran and to provide recommendations for enhancing administrative structures, particularly in Afghanistan. The main research questions are: what are the similarities and differences in the rights and obligations of civil service employees in Afghanistan and Iran, and what reforms can enhance the efficiency of these systems? This study employs a qualitative methodology with a comparative approach, utilizing books, legal documents, regulations, decrees, and scholarly studies as data sources, with the scope limited to the civil service legal systems of the two countries. The findings indicate that employment principles, financial rights, and ethical obligations are largely similar in both countries; however, differences exist in payment systems, retirement, oversight, and enforcement mechanisms. Challenges such as centralization, administrative corruption, and legal complexity affect the efficiency of the civil service, and addressing these issues can significantly improve administrative effectiveness.