The Role of Civil Service Laws in Improving Employee Performance

(A Case Study of Ghalib University, Herat, in 2026)

Abstract

Background and Objective: Civil service laws are among the most important instruments of human resource management in organizations. By establishing administrative order and transparency in recruitment, promotion, performance appraisal, and the determination of employees’ rights and responsibilities, these laws can contribute to improving employee performance and enhancing organizational effectiveness. Accordingly, this study was conducted to examine the role of civil service laws in improving employee performance, with a case study of Ghalib University, Herat, in 2026.

Method: In terms of its objective, this study is applied in nature, while methodologically it adopts a descriptive-analytical design with a survey approach. The statistical population consisted of 56 employees of Ghalib University, Herat, all of whom were included in the study as the research sample. The required data were collected using a standardized questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 27. The reliability of the research instrument was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.

Findings: The findings indicated that positive and statistically significant correlations existed among some of the variables examined. However, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that none of the independent variables, when considered separately, had a statistically significant predictive effect on employee performance (Sig. > 0.05). Furthermore, the regression model as a whole was not statistically significant and explained only a limited proportion of the variation in employee performance. The reliability analysis indicated that the research instrument had an acceptable level of reliability, with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.73.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that civil service laws play an important role in establishing organizational order, defining job responsibilities, clarifying employees’ rights and responsibilities, and promoting organizational justice. Nevertheless, employee performance does not depend solely on compliance with civil service laws. Other factors, including management practices, organizational culture, job motivation, training, performance appraisal systems, and working conditions, also play important roles in improving employee performance. Therefore, the effective implementation of civil service laws should be accompanied by strengthening other components of human resource management and should receive due attention from organizational managers and policymakers.

Accordingly, the main research question is: To what extent are employees at Ghalib University, Herat, aware of civil service laws? The main research hypothesis proposes that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between the implementation of civil service laws and improved employee performance at Ghalib University, Herat, in 2026.